Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
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- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, a leader for Dalit rights and the chief architect of India's constitution, was born on April 14, 1891, into a Mahar (Dalit) family, experiencing intense discrimination. He pursued higher education in economics and political science in the U.S. and the UK, earning multiple doctorates. He campaigned against caste discrimination through periodicals and social movements, co-founding the Reserve Bank of India and shaping post-independence India's legal framework as its Law Minister. On October 14, 1956, he converted to Buddhism and passed away on December 6, 1956, leaving a lasting legacy.
Early Life and Education
Birth and Caste:
Born in Mhow, Madhya Pradesh, in 1891, Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar was a member of the Mahar caste, considered "untouchable" and subject to widespread discrimination.
YarnAcademic Pursuit:
Despite facing social barriers, he excelled academically. He earned a degree from Bombay University and later pursued advanced studies in the U.S. at Columbia University and in the UK at the University of London, obtaining multiple doctorates in economics and other fields.
Champion of Dalit Rights
Challenging Discrimination:
Ambedkar dedicated his life to fighting for the rights of Dalits. He started periodicals like Mook Nayak and Bahishkrit Bharat to advocate for their cause.
Satyagraha:
He led campaigns such as the Mahad Satyagraha, a movement to secure the right for untouchables to draw water from public tanks.
Poona Pact (1932):
He negotiated the Poona Pact with Mahatma Gandhi, ensuring reserved seats for the Depressed Classes (Dalits) in the legislature.
Role in Nation-Building
Constitutional Architect:
As India's Law Minister from 1947 to 1951, Ambedkar played a crucial role in drafting and promulgating the Constitution of India, which came into effect on January 26, 1950.
Reserve Bank of India:
He made significant contributions to the financial structure of India by presenting his concepts for the Reserve Bank of India.
Conversion and Later Life
Embracing Buddhism:
On October 14, 1956, he converted to Buddhism, leading thousands of Dalits in mass conversions.
Death and Legacy:
He passed away on December 6, 1956, after completing his final work, The Buddha and His Dhamma. In 1990, he was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor.
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